虽然有很多关于多少的争论 设计原则 are out there (and even what they are), there are 12 that appear regularly on the list of principles. 这12条原则, 如下图所示, 包括对比, 平衡, 强调, 比例, 层次结构, 重复, 节奏, 模式, 空白, 运动, 各种, 而统一(也有一些附加的) 格式塔设计原则).

这些原则通常是分开讨论的, 但在实践中, they work together to create a design that’s 视觉上吸引人 and makes sense to the user. 专家设计师 理解这些原则是如何支持的, 加强, or even 对比 with each other to create the desired effect.

实施设计原则

一旦设计师理解了 基本设计 principles, they can more intentionally combine those principles to create 设计 既美观又实用.

例如，对比可以用来强调.

突出“重塑产业” 对比色 将读者的目光吸引到特定的文本上, emphasizing it and setting it apart from the surrounding text.

Another way that 强调 can be achieved is through 比例.

成为“问题解决者，创意创造者” & Astronauts” significantly larger than other text on the page places the 强调 on that text.

Repetition can be used to create a sense of 节奏 on the page. And that doesn’t always mean a regular or alternating 节奏. Repetition, when done intentionally, can be used to create a random 节奏.

The repetitive shapes 在 background of this site create a sense of random 节奏 due to their varying sizes, 颜色, 和放置.

White space doesn’t necessarily have to be completely white or free of 模式. 事实上，微妙的图案可以增加视觉上的兴趣 空白 while still allowing it to function as a sort of visual “breathing space” within a design.

The subtle grid 模式 在 background of this design adds some visual interest without being overwhelming to the eye.

Variety can help create a sense of 运动 in a design, depending on how it’s used.

The 各种 of shapes in this design and their fairly random layout create a sense of chaotic 运动 that leads the viewer’s eye to the center.

Repetition generally creates 团结 in a design without any extra effort on the part of the 设计师. But used intentionally, it can take that 团结 to a higher level.

以照片的白色背景为例, 一致的字体, 并且在本设计中重复图像的大小和布局. The 重复 of common elements of design creates 团结 among various categories of products that might seem disjointed otherwise.

设计原则不存在于真空中

结合 设计原则 并不是一次只限两个人. Most truly great 设计 combine at least half of these elements, and sometimes more.

本网站采用多种原则: 对比 在粉红和绿色之间; 重复 在 模式 being used and consistent shoes, haircut, and sunglasses; 团结 among the various outfits (which is further 加强d by the repeating 模式); and 各种 在服装风格上. It’s a strong design statement that follows multiple principles to create a 视觉上吸引人 吸引眼球的网站.

Here’s another example of a design that uses multiple principles effectively. 大头文件创建 强调 on that particular text, while the smaller type appears less important due to 比例. 背景中的形状创造了一种随意的感觉 节奏 and 运动，而它们之间相似的配色方案创造了 团结. 右边是更强更大的形状 平衡 文本和 空白 在左边.

Some 设计师 follow these principles without even realizing they’re doing it. 其他时间, a 设计师 can’t quite put their finger on why a design isn’t working, but when they consult these principles they can often find the solution.

理解元素和 设计原则 and how they interact with one another is of paramount importance for both new and expert 设计师 都. Implementing them purposefully and intentionally in design projects is key to creating 视觉上吸引人 and functional 设计.